What are the causes of Malaria?
Malaria is
endemic or periodic throughout most of the tropics associated subtropics below associate
altitude of 1500m, excluding the Mediterranean littoral, the USA and Australia.
infection can be a phylum malady caused by infection with parasites of the genus,
The bite of bound species of infected feminine anopheline mosquitoes
transmitted to man. protozoal infection is hyper endemic within the city Hill Tracts
space, within the border areas of Kustia, Dinajpur, Mymensing and Sylhet in
Bangladesh.
Mode of transmission:
1. Transmission by infected
mosquitoes (inoculation of sporozoites into man by bite of infected female
anopheline mosquitoes).
a. Transmitting agent (Female anopheles)
b. Infectious forms (Sporozoites)
c. Portal of entry (Skin)
2. Transfusion (malaria happens throughout
the course of insertion, once infected persons are used as donors).
3. Congenital malaria (Transmission
of infection to fetus in utero through some placental defect).
The possible causes of upsurge of malaria may be:
1. amendment in topographical options significantly
within the epidemic prone areas.
2. Steady rise of cases on cases on each
side of the border.
3. Inadequate vector management measures.
4. very little or no epidemic prognostication
system.
5. Deficiency of enough diagnostic and treatment facilities at the
peripheral level.
6. Cross-border migration
of labor force.
Incubation period:
Period of P. vivax, oval
and P. falciparum malaria_ 9-14days; P. malaria _18days to 6weeks.
Clinical Features:
1. Malaria presents with
abrupt onset of fever and chills, accompanied by headache, myalgias, and
artralgia.
2. Fever could also be continuing early within
the illness, the standard periodic cycle doesn't develop for many days when onset. The fever spike, which can reach 40 degree centigrade is
frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The fever is
following by drenching sweats.
3. Splenomegaly is seen in
most patients.
4. Hepatomegaly occurs in roughly 1/3 cases.
5. Anemia: Normocytic or microcytic
hypochromic type.
Control and Prevention:
1.
Chloroquine: Chloroquine also pregnancy and lactation Chloroquine may be given safety.
2. The use of mosquito net.
3.
Protective clothing should be worn outside the house.
4.
Use of repellent creams and sprays.
5.
Screened windows.
6.
Burning of repellent coils or tablets.
Complication:
1.
Severe anemia
2.
Organ damage due to anoxia:
a) Brain: coma and
Confusion
b) Intestine: diarrhea,
congestion and passively leaky to bacteria
c) Liver: Jaundice and encephalopathy
(rare)
3.
Intravascular haemolysis: Blackwater fever
4.
Hypoglycemia, especially with quinine treatment
5.
Shock secondary to septicemia
6.
Hypertensive shock
7.
Metabolic acidosis
8.
Splenic rupture
9. In pregnancy: Maternal death, abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight.
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