Showing posts with label Women's Health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Women's Health. Show all posts

Fixed female sterilization is about 100 percent effective.

Tubectomy is a Standing system for women to birth control. In operation to be menstruation, abortion after delivery within 7 days. Have a family live two babies, last baby's age 2 years. Woman age below 45 years and must be regular menstruation. There are many advantages for surgery to the Fallopian tubes and easy recovery. 
Tubectomy

Fallopian tube ligation is one of the most general processes of female sterilization. Tubal ligation may be performed_ a) Immediately after vaginal delivery, b) In conjunction with a cesarean section or c) as an elective outpatient procedure. 

 Complication: 
1. Hemorrhage from the tube and vessels in the mesosalpinx.
2. Pneumoperitoneum due to induction of carbon dioxide.
3. Diathermy burns of the bowel and other structures.
4. Surgical complication- Puncture of large blood vessels.
5. Postoperative complication- Marlener procedure. 
Immediate complication: 
1. Wound infection.
2. Pyrexia
3. Pain in lower abdomen
4. Urinary infection
5. Headache 

 Late complication:   
1. Incisional hernia    
2. Menstrual disorder    
3. Menorrhagia/ dysmenorrheal/ intermenstrual bleeding.

 Merits of tubectomy:  
1.  It is (99.4 - 99.8) percent effective.   
2. Simple and can be done by all the doctors.   
3.  Accept by the people.   
4. Operation is available and done free of cost in Bangladesh (The woman is also given tk. 2000, Shari and medicine).   
5. Operation can be reversed, but not easy. It requires micro-surgical techniques and results in future pregnancy in only one third of the cases.)

 Demerits of tubectomy:   
1.  It is permanent method, usually women becomes permanently infertile.   
2. May be causes psychological problems.   
3. Reversal operation is usually unsuccessful.   
4. May be produced complication.   
5. Require hospitalization for 1 week (for mini-lab operation).   
6. Pain   
7. Bleeding   
8. Hematoma   
9. Depression   
10. Incisional hernia

 Minilaparotomy:  
  • A loop of tube is excise. The cut ends are securing a ligature.
  • It is important to legate the cut ends with 'Plain catgut'


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To reduce maternal mortality rate following by 'Antenatal Care'.

"Antenatal care" is the care of the woman during pregnancy to bring the mother and child to labour in the best possible condition. The goal of antenatal care is to have the mother active at the end of her pregnancy, in good health and to deliver a healthy baby. Prevention or early recognition of abnormal signs, followed by prompt and efficient treatment will avert many complications, associated with child bearing not only during the ante-partum period, but also during and after delivery.
Antenatal care

Objectives of Antenatal Care:
1. To promote, protect and maintain the health (physical, mental and emotional well-beings) of the mother during pregnancy.
2. To detect 'high risk' cases and give themes special care.
3. To detect higher risk groups for complications of pregnancy, and prevention of them.
4. To remove anxiety associated with delivery.
5. To reduce maternal mortality and morbidity rates.
6. To reduce neonatal and infant mortality rates.
7. To manage insecure pregnancies with special attention.
8. To promote nutrition.
9. to show the mother regarding the weather of non-public hygiene, child care, environmental sanitation and  nutrition.
10. To teach the mother to look after her newborn baby during the first month of life.
11. Medical termination of gestation to sensitive the mother birth prevention for required.
12. To attended to the under-fives accompanying the mother. Each patient should carry her antenatal card during her visit to the clinic. 

Schedule for Antenatal visits:   
1) 1st visit at 12 weeks    
2)  2nd visit at 21-25 weeks    
3) 3rd visit at 26-32 weeks    
4) 4th visit at 33-36 weeks
If justified condition of the mother any abnormality visiting are regular.


Antenatal care is very important in Maternal and Child health services because e.g. Promotion, protection, nutrition, and maintain personal hygiene.
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What are the easy methods of family planning? knowing at this time.

Female Condom
A couple decisions by a discussion for improve and established family, economically, physically and mentally preparation that is family planning. By this process, the parents can decide how many children they want. They can also space birth of their children according to their choice, so that the mother can get enough time to recover fully between the pregnancies.
By family planning to avoid unwanted births, to bring wanted births, to determinate the number of children in the family, Nutrition teaching to mother, to check over population. Bangladesh is an agriculture-based country. The main income is from land property. The land is not increasing day by day as the children.
This problem is some solve using by method of birth control or contraception. Contraception The term contraception includes all temporary and permanent measures designed to avoid Conception resulting from coitus.
Contraception:
1. Temporary Methods:
Barrier method:

  • Physically: Condom, Vaginal sponge, Cervical cap and vaginal diaphragm.
Male Condom

  • Chemical: Foams, Creams, Jelly, Foam tablets, Sponge, Suppositories, Soluble films.
  • combined method:
Intrauterine Cont receptive Device (IUCD):
Intrauterine Cont receptive Device (IUCD)
Natural methods: Save period, Lactation amenorrhea, Breast feeding, Coitus interrupt-us, Basal body temperature methods, Sex without coitus, Cervical mucus methods.
Hormonal method: Combined pill, Mini pill ,Sequential pill, Post coital pill ,Male pill (Male pill are not available in Bangladesh).
Post Conceptual method: Menstruation Regulation (MR)
Injectable method: Birth control vaccine.

 2. Permanent Methods: Male sterilization (Vasectomy). Female sterilization,(Tubectomy).

 Benefits of Family planning:

 Economic solving ,Housing will be better Children, will be better education , Mothers health will be  protect ,Baby adequate care ,Possible nutrition maintain.
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Abortion may be causes of death.

Abortion
Interruption of pregnancy before 28th week of pregnancy is known as abortion. Abortion may occur when a pregnant mother herself decision then induced abortion.
Abortion for abnormal baby: Hydrocele, Hydrocephalus or Thalasemic baby and mother to protect her physically and mentally weakness that abortion called therapeutic abortion. Abortion, we should very carefully causes may affect many organisms. Accurate cause is unknown.

The probable cause are the following:
  1. Cervical incompetence.
  2. Hormonal imbalance.
  3. Ovular defect.
  4. Rh. incompatibility of mothers Negative blood group.
  5. Tumors of the uterus.
  6. Taken medicine. eg: cytotoxic drug, steroid etc.
  7. Venereal diseases of the mother.
  8. Fall or injury to the mother.
  9. Diabetes mother.
  10. Acute emotional upset.
  11. Poor hygiene & dietary habit.
  12. Chronic nephritis.
  13. Lead poisoning.

Many types of abortion:
  1. Threatened abortion.
  2. complete abortion.
  3. Incomplete abortion.
  4. Habitual abortion.
  5. Missed abortion.
  6. Septic abortion.
  7. Therapeutic abortion.

Sign & Symptoms: 
  • Lower abdominal pain.   
  • History of amenorrhea.   
  • Slight vaginal bleeding without pain.   
  • Os will be close.   
  • Brownish vaginal discharge.   
  • Bleeding continuous and may be severe.   
  • Fever with vibration.   
  • Even fetal movement not feel of mothers complains.


Investigation:
  1. Ultrasonography to confirm the abortion.
  2. Blood grouping.
  3. CBC to know Hb%


Control & Management of Abortion: 
  • Bed rests up to bleeding control.
  • Assurance to the patients.
  • Timely medicine taken and doctors are following.
  • Using sterilized the pad.
  • Avoid heavy work and coitus.
  • Avoid traveling.
  • Progesterone therapy.
  • Need blood transfusion.
  • Given anti-D globulin Rh(-)ve.
  • Taken healthy foods with protein and mineral water.
  • Maintain sterility and personal hygiene.


Complication:
  • Profuse bleeding.
  • PID.
  • cervical injury.
  • Premature labor.
  • Mental disorder.
  • Sterility.
  • Perforation uterus.
  • Septic.
  • anemia.
  • Maternal death.


Foul smelling discharge when affect this organism: 

  • Staphylococcus.
  • E-coli.
  • Streptococcus faecalis.
  • Anaerobic streptococci.
  • Cl.wechi.
  • Cl.tetany


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Dangerous Complication of MR (Menstruation Regulation)

We are very conscious to make a good life at present. However, a simple unconsciousness to face a threaten life. That causes a unwanted pregnancy. We are many many sincere to make a standard carrier. Don't allow unwanted pregnancy before make a good carrier. Then, we can accept family planning. However, a wrong method brings a unwanted pregnancy. Many people unlike this pregnancy then decide to abortion. Many types of abortion among them MR (Menstruation Regulation). Now, we are briefly discussing about Menstruation Regulation.
Menstruation Regulation (MR)

MR (menstruation Regulation): 
Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) of the uterine content by Karman’s syringe and flexible plastic canola to regulate menstruation. It starts in 1979. Its done 8-10 weeks. Menstruation Regulation did 18.3 per 1000 women aged 15-44. It is done within 8-10 weeks.

Complication:
1. Uterine perforation
2. Infertility
3. Trauma
4. Menstrual disorders
5. Premature labor
6. Tendency to abortion
7. Increase in ectropic pregnancy
8. Sepsis
9. Shock
10. Death

Causes of complication:

Unskilled man and unhygienic instrument do it. Control of complication by a skilled man & done within 8-10 weeks and save life.
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