Showing posts with label Cold & Flu. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cold & Flu. Show all posts

What are the causes of Malaria?

malaria mosquito
Malaria is endemic or periodic throughout most of the tropics associated subtropics below associate altitude of 1500m, excluding the Mediterranean littoral, the USA and Australia. infection can be a phylum malady caused by infection with parasites of the genus, The bite of bound species of infected feminine anopheline mosquitoes transmitted to man. protozoal infection is hyper endemic within the city Hill Tracts space, within the border areas of Kustia, Dinajpur, Mymensing and Sylhet in Bangladesh.

Mode of transmission:           
1. Transmission by infected mosquitoes (inoculation of sporozoites into man by bite of infected female anopheline mosquitoes).
a. Transmitting agent (Female anopheles)
b. Infectious forms (Sporozoites)
c. Portal of entry (Skin)
2. Transfusion (malaria happens throughout the course of insertion, once infected persons are used as donors).
3. Congenital malaria (Transmission of infection to fetus in utero through some placental defect).

The possible causes of upsurge of malaria may be:
1. amendment in topographical options significantly within the epidemic prone areas.
2. Steady rise of cases on cases on each side of the border.
3. Inadequate vector management measures.
4. very little or no epidemic prognostication system.
5. Deficiency of enough diagnostic and treatment facilities at the peripheral level.
6. Cross-border migration of labor force.

Incubation period:
Period of P. vivax, oval and P. falciparum malaria_ 9-14days; P. malaria _18days to 6weeks.

Clinical Features:
1. Malaria presents with abrupt onset of fever and chills, accompanied by headache, myalgias, and artralgia.
2. Fever could also be continuing early within the illness, the standard periodic cycle doesn't develop for many days when onset. The fever spike, which can reach 40 degree centigrade is frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. The fever is following by drenching sweats.
3. Splenomegaly is seen in most patients.
4. Hepatomegaly occurs in roughly 1/3 cases.

5. Anemia: Normocytic or microcytic hypochromic type.

Control and Prevention:
1. Chloroquine: Chloroquine also pregnancy and lactation Chloroquine may be given safety.
 2. The use of mosquito net.
3. Protective clothing should be worn outside the house.
4. Use of repellent creams and sprays.
5. Screened windows.

6. Burning of repellent coils or tablets.
Symptoms of Malaria

Complication:
1. Severe anemia
2. Organ damage due to anoxia:
                       a) Brain: coma and Confusion
                       b) Intestine: diarrhea, congestion and passively leaky to bacteria
                       c) Liver: Jaundice and encephalopathy (rare)
3. Intravascular haemolysis: Blackwater fever
4. Hypoglycemia, especially with quinine treatment
5. Shock secondary to septicemia
6. Hypertensive shock
7. Metabolic acidosis
8. Splenic rupture
9. In pregnancy: Maternal death, abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight.
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Ways to save from Dengue fever.....

Symptom of Dengue fever
Every year many people infected of Dengue in Bangladesh. Dengue virus infections may be asymptomatic or may lead to undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), plasma leakage may lead to Hypovolaemic shock. Dengue fever is one of the virus-induced diseases. Dengue fever comes from mosquito-bites of eddies species. This species mosquito legs are long and marks all over the body white Stripe. Generally, Eddie’s mosquito bites in the early morning and late afternoon. Usually seen the effect of dengue is June and September. Eddies mosquitoes live into house, artificial pot such as in the flowers tub, car tires, stagnant water on the roof in garbage etc.

Prefix and symptoms of dengue fever: 
  • Have a fever 2-7 days.
  • Temperature rise 104/105 degree Fahrenheit.
  • Red rash on the skin.
  • Eye & headache.
  • Pain in the bone, spine, & muscles.
  • Skin hemorrhage, bleeding from nose & gums.
  • Nausea or Hematemesis.
  • Additional water thirsty.
  • Difficult breathing.


Eddies mosquito

Should be kept in mind to avoid the issue of Dengue fever: 
  •  Immediately, the patient should be hospitalization.
  • Eddies mosquito bites in the morning and before morning.
  • Isolation to infected pts.
  • Covering the body with clothes and shoes.
  • Using coils.
  • Keeping an infected person in mosquito net to prevent biting.
  • Using mosquito net for aged people, babies & other person who take rest during the day.
  • Balanced Nutritious diet according to appetite.
  • ORS & Oral re-hydration therapy (ORT) is recommended for patients with moderate dehydration caused by vomiting and temperature. Dengue fever is called Dhaka fever. It affected urban areas people.



It is a communicable disease. Therefore, we should very careful & avoid it.
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